WE-LLU - Another name for Geshtu, the god who sacrifices himself to create humanity. More copies of this work have been discovered than copies of the more famous Epic of Gilgamesh. The Chief Scribe of a king (such as Sargon of Akkad or Assurbanipal) was charged with recording his monarch's glorious achievements and, by 640 BCE, the written ummanu were considered important enough to include in the King's Lists. Ancient Mesopotamians believed that demons and monsters were part of their daily life. SEE GISHIDA. While Marduk was venerated highly in Babylon, Enlil held that place in Sumer. Artem has a doctor of veterinary medicine degree. BASMU - The Mesopotamian great serpent associated, alternately, with birth and birth goddesses or with Ningishzida, a god of the underworld. SHULPAE - The Mesopotamian god of feasts and good times, sometimes represented as consort of Ninhursag. Those rocks who refused Ninursag's task to be thrown as weapons, Ninurta rewarded by transforming them into precious gems. Some might think the idea of demons and monsters is silly, but what about the Devil? SEBITTI - According to Babylonian sources, the Sebitti were seven minor warrior gods, sometimes associated with the Anunnaki of the underworld, who followed the demon Irra into battle. She was associated with the god Dagan. Differs from Anu in that he is only the god of the sky not the heavens above the clouds. GISHIDA – The Babylonian god of the Tree of Life and early spring. In the story Inanna and the God of Wisdom he allows himself to become drunk and gives away the meh, the gifts of civilization and property of the gods, to Inanna knowing she will disperse them to humanity. Associated with Marduk, sometimes depicted as his brother, Bel was very clever and wise. He was especially invoked for protection of pregnant women and infants against the schemes of the evil demoness Lamashtu. Ancient Mesopotamians believed that demons and monsters were responsible for many of the bad things that happened around them. He was the Assyrian god of the sky and of war known as The Lord of the Whole Heavens. She was the older sister of the goddess Inanna whom she blamed for the Bull of Heaven's death and whom she killed when Inanna came to visit her in the underworld for his funeral. GULA - Also known as Ninkarrak, Ninisina and originally Bau, a dog goddess. These works were primarily preserved on stone or clay tablets and were written in cuneiform by scribes. He is portrayed negatively in The Bible  (II Kings 17:31) as demanding child sacrifice and is depicted in Milton's Paradise Lost as an evil demon. She was sometimes the consort of Marduk. EMESH - The Sumerian god of summer and personification of summer. BULL-MAN - In Sumerian mythology, a demon who works closely with human beings and the gods to hold at bay the forces of chaos. She was also known as the Lady of the Storerooms and, in this capacity, oversaw that weights and measures were correct. He is usually depicted as an archer either standing or running on the back of a monster with the body of a lion and the tail of a scorpion. just create an account. Her consort was Amurru, Amorite god of the sky and of nomads. He was known to the Sumerians as Zaqar. Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. As Lama she was depicted as a woman in a long, tiered robe while, as Lamassu, she appeared as a winged bull or lion with a woman's face or head and protected temples and palaces against the forces of chaos and their attendant evils. His consort was the goddess Shala. He was best known as the father of the goddess of grain, Ninlil, whose rape by Enlil formed the basis of the famous fertility myth. They were made ample use of by the people of Mesopotamia in magical incantations and to ward off evil and the forces of chaos. Humbaba: Lion Faced Giant (Ancient Mesopotamian Mythology) 43. In some sources Misharu is the god of law and Kittu the god of justice which proceeds from the law, in others they appear equal as both being gods of law and justice. Ancient History Encyclopedia. INANNA - (known to the Assyrians as Ishtar) - The Sumerian goddess of sexuality, passion, fertility, love, prostitutes and war. They included the likes of a six-headed ram, a seven-headed snake, and a dragon, among others. MUSHDAMMA - The Sumerian god of foundations and buildings, brother of Kabta (god of pickaxes, construction and bricks) and one of the sons of Ninhursag. Also known as Beltia, her attributes were later assumed by Inanna and then Ishtar. The following 24 pages are in this category, out of 24 total. In his duties as protector he is also envisaged in a boat (for sailors) a chariot (for soldiers) or on horseback (for travelers and merchants). ENKIMDU - The Mesopotamian god of canals and ditches and, like Emesh, was depicted as a farmer with plow and yoke. ABSU - The Babylonian, Akkadian and Sumerian god of fresh water and the sweet waters of the world. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. SUMUGAN - The Sumerian god of the open plains. She is the mother of Anu in some myths and associated with Anshar (heaven). Visit the Major Eras in World History Study Guide page to learn more. Famously mentioned in The Epic of Gilgamesh: "All living creatures born of the flesh shall sit at last in the boat of the West, and when it sinks, when the boat of Magilum sinks, they are gone.". See INANNA. GALLA - The Sumerian demons of the underworld who drag humans down to the realm of Ereshkigal. Biological and Biomedical Dreams were considered messages from the gods. Represented as a robed, bearded man wearing a horned cap and holding a staff. He was associated with judges and took a keen interest in punishing those who had been unjust judges in life. In Akkadian he was known as Sumuqan. MYLITTA - The Assyrian goddess of fertility and childbirth. He was also known as Ziusudra to the Sumerians and first appears in The Epic of Atrahasis under that name. He is one of those whom the underworld demons try to carry off as a substitute for Inanna in the afterlife after she returns to earth in the poem The Descent of Inanna. Although his cult center was at Nippur, he was widely venerated throughout Mesopotamia. His consort was Antu and, from their union, were born the Annunaki, the judges of the dead. The most popular and beloved of all the Sumerian pantheon, Inanna features prominently in many of the best known and frequently copied stories, myths and hymns of Sumer (among them, The Descent of Inanna, Inanna and the God of Wisdom, The Courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi, and The Huluppu Tree) and is listed among the seven primary deities of Sumer early on along with Anu, Enlil, Enki, Ninhursag, Nanna, and Utu. In the Epic of Irra, Marduk leaves the city of Babylon in the hands of Nergal (Irra, Erra) who destroys it in a rage. Anu became, in time, the supreme lord who was the power behind that of all the other deities. Healthy and strong spirits of the dead could drink from the river but weak spirits had to drink stale water from puddles and eat dust. ZALTU - The Babylonian goddess of strife. He was also the god of farmers, the fields and grain. SHERIDA - (also Serida) -The ancient Sumerian mother goddess, giver and sustainer of light and life. Also known as Geshida and, under that name, appears with Tammuz as a dying and reviving god figure who watches the gates of the gods in the Myth of Adapa. He was the wisest among the gods and the patron of craftsmen, artisans and exorcists.

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